Emotional Food Ad Slogans". blubberbuster.com. Archived from the original on 2011-12-10 . Retrieved 2012-02-07.

Harvey, Michael (2018). "Dreaming the Night Field: A Scenario for Storytelling Performance". Storytelling, Self, Society. 14 (1): 83–94. doi: 10.13110/storselfsoci.14.1.0083. ISSN 1550-5340. The controversy was conclusively settled by Edwin Hubble in the early 1920s using the Mount Wilson observatory 2.5m (100in) Hooker telescope. With the light-gathering power of this new telescope, he was able to produce astronomical photographs that resolved the outer parts of some spiral nebulae as collections of individual stars. He was also able to identify some Cepheid variables that he could use as a benchmark to estimate the distance to the nebulae. He found that the Andromeda Nebula is 275,000 parsecs from the Sun, far too distant to be part of the Milky Way. [89] [90] Astrography [ edit ] A map of the Milky Way Galaxy with the constellations that cross the galactic plane in each direction and the known prominent components annotated, including main arms, spurs, bar, nucleus/bulge, notable nebulae, and globular clusters An all-sky view of stars in the Milky Way and neighbouring galaxies, based on the first year of observations from Gaia satellite, from July 2014 to September 2015. The map shows the density of stars in each portion of the sky. Brighter regions indicate denser concentrations of stars. Darker regions across the Galactic Plane correspond to dense clouds of interstellar gas and dust that absorb starlight. Eryri – Snowdonia". snowdonia-npa.gov.uk. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022 . Retrieved May 5, 2022.One such frame of reference is the Hubble flow, the apparent motions of galaxy clusters due to the expansion of space. Individual galaxies, including the Milky Way, have peculiar velocities relative to the average flow. Thus, to compare the Milky Way to the Hubble flow, one must consider a volume large enough so that the expansion of the Universe dominates over local, random motions. A large enough volume means that the mean motion of galaxies within this volume is equal to the Hubble flow. Astronomers believe the Milky Way is moving at approximately 630km/s (1,400,000mph) with respect to this local co-moving frame of reference. [280] [281] a b c Gillessen, Stefan; Plewa, Philipp; Eisenhauer, Frank; Sari, Re'em; Waisberg, Idel; Habibi, Maryam; Pfuhl, Oliver; George, Elizabeth; Dexter, Jason; von Fellenberg, Sebastiano; Ott, Thomas; Genzel, Reinhard (November 28, 2016). "An Update on Monitoring Stellar Orbits in the Galactic Center". The Astrophysical Journal. 837 (1): 30. arXiv: 1611.09144. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...837...30G. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa5c41. S2CID 119087402. For a photo see: "Sagittarius A*: Milky Way monster stars in cosmic reality show". Chandra X-ray Observatory. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. January 6, 2003. Archived from the original on March 17, 2008 . Retrieved May 20, 2012. Discoveries in the early 21stcentury have added dimension to the knowledge of the Milky Way's structure. With the discovery that the disk of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) extends much farther than previously thought, [226] the possibility of the disk of the Milky Way extending farther is apparent, and this is supported by evidence from the discovery of the Outer Arm extension of the Cygnus Arm [209] [227] and of a similar extension of the Scutum–Centaurus Arm. [228] With the discovery of the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy came the discovery of a ribbon of galactic debris as the polar orbit of the dwarf and its interaction with the Milky Way tears it apart. Similarly, with the discovery of the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, it was found that a ring of galactic debris from its interaction with the Milky Way encircles the Galactic disk. [ citation needed]

Leeming, David Adams (1998). Mythology: The Voyage of the Hero (Thirded.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p.44. ISBN 978-0-19-511957-2. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023 . Retrieved April 24, 2019. In the study, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, researchers analysed Gaia space telescope observations of a large group of stars, the Hercules stream, which are in resonance with the bar – that is, they revolve around the galaxy at the same rate as the bar’s spin. Urton, Gary (1981). At the Crossroads of the Earth and the Sky: An Andean Cosmology. Latin American Monographs. Vol.55. Austin: Univ. of Texas Pr. pp.102–4, 109–11. ISBN 0-292-70349-X. Since 1970, various gamma-ray detection missions have discovered 511- keV gamma rays coming from the general direction of the Galactic Center. These gamma rays are produced by positrons (antielectrons) annihilating with electrons. In 2008 it was found that the distribution of the sources of the gamma rays resembles the distribution of low-mass X-ray binaries, seeming to indicate that these X-ray binaries are sending positrons (and electrons) into interstellar space where they slow down and annihilate. [194] [195] [196] The observations were both made by NASA and ESA's satellites. In 1970 gamma ray detectors found that the emitting region was about 10,000 light-years across with a luminosity of about 10,000 suns. [195] Illustration of the two gigantic X-ray/ gamma-ray bubbles (blue-violet) of the Milky Way (center)Both gravitational microlensing and planetary transit observations indicate that there may be at least as many planets bound to stars as there are stars in the Milky Way, [36] [155] and microlensing measurements indicate that there are more rogue planets not bound to host stars than there are stars. [156] [157] The Milky Way contains at least one planet per star, resulting in 100–400 billion planets, according to a January 2013 study of the five-planet star system Kepler-32 by the Kepler space observatory. [37] A different January 2013 analysis of Kepler data estimated that at least 17 billion Earth-sized exoplanets reside in the Milky Way. [158]

a b c Kogut, Alan; etal. (December 10, 1993). "Dipole anisotropy in the COBE differential microwave radiometers first-year sky maps". The Astrophysical Journal. 419: 1…6. arXiv: astro-ph/9312056. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...419....1K. doi: 10.1086/173453. S2CID 209835274. According to observations utilizing adaptive optics to correct for Earth's atmospheric distortion, stars in the galaxy's bulge date to about 12.8 billion years old. [261]Hodge, Paul W.; etal. (October 13, 2020). "Milky Way Galaxy". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022 . Retrieved April 24, 2022.

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey of the northern sky shows a huge and diffuse structure (spread out across an area around 5,000times the size of a full moon) within the Milky Way that does not seem to fit within current models. The collection of stars rises close to perpendicular to the plane of the spiral arms of the Milky Way. The proposed likely interpretation is that a dwarf galaxy is merging with the Milky Way. This galaxy is tentatively named the Virgo Stellar Stream and is found in the direction of Virgo about 30,000 light-years (9kpc) away. [229] Gaseous halo [ edit ] The researchers found that the stars in the stream carry a chemical fingerprint – they are richer in heavier elements (called metals in astronomy), proving that they have travelled away from the galactic centre, where stars and star-forming gas are about 10 times as rich in metals compared to the outer galaxy . By 1926, two variants were available: chocolate nougat with milk chocolate coating, and vanilla nougat with a dark chocolate coating, each selling for 5¢. In June 1932, the bar was marketed as a two-piece bar, and four years later, in 1936, the chocolate and vanilla were separated. The vanilla version with a dark chocolate coating was called "Forever Yours" and was marketed under this name until 1979, then Milky Way Dark was reintroduced in 1989. [5] Forever Yours was renamed "Milky Way Dark" and later "Milky Way Midnight". [6] Two smaller galaxies and a number of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group orbit the Milky Way. The largest of these is the Large Magellanic Cloud with a diameter of 32,200 light-years. [269] It has a close companion, the Small Magellanic Cloud. The Magellanic Stream is a stream of neutral hydrogen gas extending from these two small galaxies across 100° of the sky. The stream is thought to have been dragged from the Magellanic Clouds in tidal interactions with the Milky Way. [270] Some of the dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way are Canis Major Dwarf (the closest), Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, and Leo I Dwarf. [271] Tully, R. Brent; etal. (September 4, 2014). "The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies". Nature. 513 (7516): 71–73. arXiv: 1409.0880. Bibcode: 2014Natur.513...71T. doi: 10.1038/nature13674. PMID 25186900. S2CID 205240232.For 30 years, astrophysicists have predicted such a slowdown, but this is the first time it has been measured. In western culture, the name "Milky Way" is derived from its appearance as a dim un-resolved "milky" glowing band arching across the night sky. The term is a translation of the Classical Latin via lactea, in turn derived from the Hellenistic Greek γαλαξίας, short for γαλαξίας κύκλος ( galaxías kýklos), meaning "milky circle". The Ancient Greek γαλαξίας ( galaxias) – from root γαλακτ-, γάλα ("milk") + -ίας (forming adjectives) – is also the root of "galaxy", the name for our, and later all such, collections of stars. [26] [54] [55] Much of the mass of the Milky Way seems to be dark matter, an unknown and invisible form of matter that interacts gravitationally with ordinary matter. A dark matter halo is conjectured to spread out relatively uniformly to a distance beyond one hundred kiloparsecs (kpc) from the Galactic Center. Mathematical models of the Milky Way suggest that the mass of dark matter is 1–1.5 ×10 12 M ☉. [134] [135] [136] 2013 and 2014 studies indicate a range in mass, as large as 4.5 ×10 12 M ☉ [137] and as small as 8 ×10 11 M ☉. [138] By comparison, the total mass of all the stars in the Milky Way is estimated to be between 4.6 ×10 10 M ☉ [139] and 6.43 ×10 10 M ☉. [134] XxThereianxX (30 June 2009). "Milky Way Ad Then and Now". Archived from the original on 2021-12-12 – via YouTube. Karachentsev et al. give a blue absolute magnitude of −20.8. Combined with a color index of 0.55 estimated here, an absolute visual magnitude of −21.35 (−20.8 − 0.55 = −21.35) is obtained. Note that determining the absolute magnitude of the Milky Way is very difficult, because Earth is inside it.