Restorative justice typically involves peer-mediation or adult-supervised conversations surrounding a perceived offence. Each student has the ability to contribute to the conversation, the person who has misbehaved has the opportunity not only to give their side of the story but also has a say in their consequence. Consequences defy the traditional methods of punitive punishment and instead give students an opportunity for restoration. [67] Restorative justice focuses on relationship building and the community as a whole over the individual student and their offence, creating a sense that everyone has a part in the community and it is everyone's responsibility to uphold the values of the particular community. [68] This is a method that not only increases an understanding of perceived community values, but is also a method thought to work well in cultures and communities where there is a high value on the community, rather than just on the individual. Most mainstream schools in most other countries retain punishment for misbehavior, but it usually takes non-corporal forms such as detention and suspension. a b c d e f Lindsey, Constance. "Teacher Race and School Discipline: Are Students Suspended Less Often When They Have a Teacher of the Same Race?" Education Next, (November 1, 2016). https://www.educationnext.org/teacher-race-and-school-discipline-suspensions-research/. a b c d e f g h i j k Derlikowski, Jerri. "Keeping Kids In Class: Fixing Racial Disparities in School Discipline." AACF, (February 2013): 3-17. https://www.aradvocates.org/publications/keeping-kids-in-class-fixing-racial-disparities-in-school-discipline/. Disparate treatment laws allow students the right to testify against schools and school districts for intentional racial discrimination. [14] Under the equal protection and due process clauses of the 14th Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, students who feel they have been intentionally racially discriminated against can testify against their schools or school districts. [14]

The six-week call for evidence will inform our review, planned later this year, of guidance on behaviour, discipline, suspensions and permanent exclusions which will include a public consultation. Behaviour in schools has improved in many respects over the last decade but there are continually new challenges for teachers and school staff and it is important that we help them meet those challenges. Disciplinary punishments permitted for students are required to be written into a school district's policy. [17]Counseling is also provided when students will have to see a school counselor (guidance counselor) for misbehavior. The purpose of counseling is to help the student recognize their mistakes and find positive ways to make changes in the student's life. Counseling can also help the student clarify the school's expectations, as well as understand the consequences of failing to meet those standards. Efficacy of Class Meetings in Elementary Schools, Ann Roeder Platt, B.A., California State University, Sacramento. The University of San Francisco, The Effectiveness of Alderian Parent and Teacher Study Groups in Changing Child Maladaptive Behavior in a Positive Direction. Jane Nelsen Glasser, William (May 15, 2001). Counseling With Choice Theory: The New Reality Therapy. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-095366-9. Schools are usually required to notify the student's parents/guardians and sometimes social worker if the suspended student is in special education, and explain the reason for and duration of a suspension. Students involved in physical altercations on campus can be suspended from school for a period of 5 days, while students who throw temper tantrums on campus, direct foul language at school staff members, or engage in verbal altercations with fellow students can be suspended for 3 days. [60] Students are often required to continue to learn and complete assignments during their suspension, sometimes receiving no credit for it. This could include a written essay or journal detailing the reason for the student being suspended from school, which they would be required to hand in to a school administrator upon returning to school following their suspension. Sometimes schools will have meetings with the suspended student, the student's parents, a school administrator, and sometimes a social worker in the case of a special education student to discuss and evaluate the matter following an out-of-school suspension. [60] Studies suggest that school suspension is associated with increased risk of subsequent criminal justice system involvement and lower educational attainment. [61]

Positive approach is grounded in teachers' respect for students. This approach instills in students a sense of responsibility by using youth/adult partnerships to develop and share clear rules, provide daily opportunities for success, and administer in-school suspension for noncompliant students. Based on Glasser's reality therapy. Research (e.g., Allen) is generally supportive of the PAD program. [7] Discipline is a set of consequences determined by the school district to remedy actions taken by a student that are deemed inappropriate. It is sometimes confused with classroom management, but while discipline is one dimension of classroom management, classroom management is a more general term. [2]But research has shown in recent years that zero tolerance didn't succeed in making schools safer and did result in racial gaps in school discipline. Schools may sanction pupils if their online behaviour is threatening or causes harm to another pupil. They may also sanction a pupil if their behaviour online impacts the school environment. Use of reasonable force All school personnel, including teachers, administrators, volunteers, and all employees are required to undergo student discipline training. [17]