Běelohlávek R, Outrata J, Vychodil V (2006) Thresholds and shifted attributes in formal concept analysis of data with fuzzy attributes. In: 14th International conference on conceptual structures, pp 117–130

A. Explain the reasoning of the opposing side. Point out their defenses and evidence—what would they say if they were writing the essay? Lejewski also points out that free logic additionally can handle the problem of the empty set for statements like ∀ x F x → ∃ x F x {\displaystyle \forall x\,Fx\rightarrow \exists x\,Fx} . Quine had considered the problem of the empty set unrealistic, which left Lejewski unsatisfied. [35] Ontological commitment [ edit ] Aristotle had a gift for explaining things clearly and logically, and the Aristotelian argumentative essay structure leans into that. Also known as Classical or Classic, the Aristotelian format is the most straightforward: the writer presents their argument first and then refutes the opposing argument. A. Reiterate your position and thesis statement, drawing on your strongest evidential support and rebuttals of opposing points (known as peroratio ) In this text, Quine gives comments on the theory of reference and modal contexts (e.g., possibility, necessity).I will try to explain what I think I know about Quine, subject to the very important caveat that these are the general impressions of somebody who is not an expert. I might easily be wrong.

Verhaeg, Sander (2018). Working from Within: The Nature and Development of Quine's Naturalism. Oxford University Press. Duquenne V, Guigues J-L (1986) Famille minimale d’implications informatives résultant d’un tableau de donn’ees binaires. Mathématiques et Sciences Humaines 24(95):5–18What is there?" is a simple way to put the ontological (study of being) question. But when two people disagree on the existence of something, we run into an ontological problem, stated by Quine as: "in any ontological dispute the proponent of the negative side suffers the disadvantage of not being able to admit that his opponent disagrees with him". If I say that there is a Pegasus, I can defend that notion by saying, "if there were no Pegasus, why are we able to talk about it?". I may eventaully submit and say that Pegasus is not a flesh and blood creature somewhere in the world, but rather an idea in men's minds." My opponent, however, is not claiming that Pegasus doesn't exist as an idea, but that it doesn't exist in the world as a flesh and blood creature. Quine’s writing is uniquely clear and straightforward, and so there is value also in his exposition of some obscure, difficult concepts in analytic philosophy. A must read for readers interested in analytic philosophy, philosophy of science, logic, empiricism, and mathematics. Nelson Goodman and W. V. O. Quine, "Steps Toward a Constructive Nominalism", Journal of Symbolic Logic, 12 (1947): 105–122. An argumentative essay uses facts, data, and logical reasoning to substantiate a specific stance on any given topic. They are typically structured to “build an argument,” with a clear thesis statement , unambiguous conclusion, and as much evidential support as needed. A brilliant work from the 20th century-philosophy: on universals, dogmas, useful myths and efficacy in communication.