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The recharging and mowing cycle is automatic. That means it will both mow and go to recharge all on its own without you having to do much of anything, unless a mowing schedule was not set. Recent trends in lower-limb robotic rehabilitation orthosis: Control scheme and strategy for pneumatic muscle actuated gait trainers[J]. Robotics, 2014, 3(2): 120–148. ReWalk下肢康复外骨骼机器人可以协助下肢瘫痪患者站立，行走，转弯和上下楼梯. 启动时，ReWalk使用倾角传感器与患者穿戴的腕带检测上肢的前倾，以微调重心位置的方式加以控制 [ 38]，通过电机驱动使机械腿按照预设模式模仿人体正常步态，以合适的速度辅助患者运动. 由于ReWalk采用机器主动控制，系统的动作不随人的意愿而改变，是一种被动的训练模式. 2014年ReWalk作为美国第一款外骨骼机器人获得FDA(food and drug administration)认证的个人应用许可，在美国、加拿大和欧洲等地区得到广泛的使用. Gait training early after stroke with a new exoskeleton-the hybrid assistive limb: A study of safety and feasibility[J]. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 2014, 11(1): 92.
Effect of THERA-vital movement therapy system on hemiplegic patients after stroke[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2011, 17(1): 62–63. How quiet is 63 dB? Sources say it’s comparable to a normal conversation sound levels (around 60 dB). A regular motorized push mower sound levels are around 90 dB and can go up to 110 dB. Instead of that, now you can start relaxing during the weekends as the mower does the work for you without damaging your hearing. You can read more here: “ How Loud Are Robot Mowers?” Hybrid impedance control of a robot manipulator for wrist and forearm rehabilitation: Performance analysis and clinical results[J]. Mechatronics, 2017, 49: 77–91. A powered lower limb orthosis for providing legged mobility in paraplegic individuals[J]. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 2011, 17(1): 25–33. You can expect quality from Germans. Most other robot mowers out there are ultimately made in China, even if at first glance it may not look like it.Kinematic trajectories while walking within the Lokomat robotic gait-orthosis[J]. Clinical Biomechanics, 2008, 23(10): 1251–1259. Clinical application of the hybrid assistive limb (HAL) for gait training-a systematic review[J]. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 2015, 9(48): 48.
The design and control of a therapeutic exercise robot for lower limb rehabilitation: Physiotherabot[J]. Mechatronics, 2011, 21(3): 509–522. Métrailler P, Schmitt C. Improvement of rehabilitation possibilities with the MotionMaker[C]//IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics & Biomechatronics. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2006: 359-364. Recumbent cross-training is a feasible and safe mode of physical activity for significantly motor-impaired adults with cerebral palsy[J]. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2013, 94(2): 401–407. sEMG)传感器、肌力传感器和脑电(EEG)传感器等，对生物信号进行感知反馈. 运动学与力学参量是对患者运动状态直接的检测，具有更好的确定性，其信号提取和处理更稳定可靠，生物量感知系统是对患者主观运动意图的直接反映，能够有效恢复患者神经系统对肢体的控制功能，但是由于生物特征信号提取困难，干扰因素多，其应用仍有局限性 [ 12]. 1.5 运动控制策略 install on top of the wire at an outer edge of the cutting area (not in the middle of cutting area).Cooperative control for a hybrid rehabilitation system combining functional electrical stimulation and robotic exoskeleton[J]. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2017, 11: 725–738. While the collision sensor’s main function is to aid navigating the lawn, it’s also a safety feature. Instead of the robot mower just pushing forward with the intent to tear down absolutely everything in its path, it will instead bump into it, realize there’s an obstacle, turn, and start mowing in a different direction. Tilt, lift, and turnover sensors will bring the blades to a complete stop if the mower is tilted, lifted, or when it makes an awesome flip. Lokomat下肢康复机器人实现了被动训练及主动辅助等多种训练策略，为了满足控制要求，Bernhardt、Reiner等人先后针对Lokomat提出了PD(propotional-differential)控制、阻抗控制、力/位混合控制和自适应控制等方法 [ 29]，并以正常人、偏瘫及脊柱部分损伤患者为对象进行了实验研究，结果证明了这些控制策略的有效性. 临床应用中，Lokomat仍多采用位置控制策略实现控制相对简单的被动训练模式. 机械腿的髋关节和膝关节处设置了一些角度传感器、力传感器、力矩传感器等用于测量下肢运动情况的传感器. 在患者进行康复训练时，采用PD或者PID(pro-potional-integral-differential)反馈控制髋、膝关节运动. 将轨迹跟踪控制中规划的轨迹作为期望，与传感器测量得到的角度、力和力矩等实际值做差后通过比例微分控制的补偿. 除此之外，后续研究还增加了对踝关节的姿态控制，可以防止患者因足下垂导致的足部损伤. min的HAL步态康复训练，并对患者在不穿戴外骨骼状态下进行10 m步行测试，计时走和Berg平衡测量以检验患者步行能力的变化 [ 36]. 其中随机对照实验研究比较了11名脑卒中亚急性期患者利用传统疗法与HAL步态训练的疗效，根据移动功能类别(FAC)的比较发现利用HAL步态训练效果更好；一项单组实验研究通过FAC比较观察到HAL步态康复训练的有益效果；其他研究也报告了诸如步行和躯干姿势、步速、步数和节奏、功能性步行、平衡性能等方面的改善，因此利用HAL机器人辅助下肢失能患者恢复运动能力是可行的. 但是，上述研究只有两项包括中风后早期患者，而此时进行神经可塑治疗具有更大的潜力，对急性期后阶段缺乏临床研究. 此外，针对HAL机器人步态模式对患者运动功能、代谢、心血管及认知功能的潜在影响也需要进一步验证. 3.4.2 ReWalk下肢外骨骼机器人 SAC)控制、零力矩点(ZMP)控制、地面反作用力(GRF)控制等 [ 14]；基于生物医学信号的控制策略可分为基于表面肌电的控制、基于脑电的控制等；智能控制策略分为模糊控制、神经网络控制等. 机器人的控制技术是一项融合传感、算法、信息、移动计算等为一体的复杂技术，要使其能够准确、快速地预判穿戴者的意图，同时及时发出控制指令使机器人做出响应动作 [ 15]. 目前，运用以往单一经典控制理论已经无法较好实现产品要求，将多种控制策略综合应用或采用智能化控制可以有效提高下肢康复机器人控制系统的性能. 1.6 训练模式
Safety and tolerance of the ReWalk? exoskeleton suit for ambulation by people with complete spinal cord injury: A pilot study[J]. The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2012, 35(2): 96–101. Current and emerging robot-assisted endovascular catheterization technologies: A review[J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2013, 42(4): 697–715. Data resource profile: The world health organization study on global ageing and adult health[J]. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2012, 41(6): 1639–1649. Bosch Indego 350 robotic lawnmower uses 3 pivoting small blades for a cutting system where they’re attached to a rotating disc. This type of cutting blade system is quieter, safer, and more energy efficient when compared to the solid blade, a common 2nd type of cutting blade system robot mower tend to have. As for the negatives, the pivoting small blades attached to a rotating disc are a little less efficient at cutting things when compared to the solid blade. And also, as you can imagine, they are more likely to break off for you to step on (but that in itself is highly unlikely to happen).Lee S, Sankai Y. Power assist control for walking aid with HAL-3 based on EMG and impedance adjustment around knee joint[C]//Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots & Systems. Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE: 1499-1504. There are quite a few options to choose from. Bosch Indego 350 is a more expensive one among those robot mowers able to cover a lawn up to around 350 m² (0.087 ac.). If you preferred quality over price, and the features were right for you, this is a reliable option. Research progress on compliant characteristics of lower extremity exoskeleton robots[J]. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2019, 36(1): 163–169. Effects of robot-assisted gait training on the balance and gait of chronic stroke patients: Focus on dependent ambulators[J]. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2015, 27(10): 3053–3057. Also know as bump sensor, when Bosch Indego 350 robot mower bumps into something, it will now know that there must be an obstacle and starts mowing in a different direction.
Additionally, it is recommended to clean your Indego before putting it into storage. Instructions how to clean your Indego can be found in the user manual. Research progress on control strategy of lower limb exoskeleton robot[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2018, 33(12): 110–116.
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Bosch Indego 350 is meant for small lawns up to 350 m² (or 0.087 ac.) with slopes no steeper than 15° (or 27 percent). It’s otherwise an autonomous robotic lawnmower running on electricity and using 18 V 2.5 Ah lithium-ion rechargeable battery. It’s got 3 pivoting small blades for a cutting system that mulches grass pretty quietly (up to 63 dB) while maintaining your lawn at a cutting height of 30-50 mm (or 1.18″ to 1.97″). when storing the robot mower itself, charge fully, turn off, clean, and place in dry indoor conditions, and avoid leaving in freezing temperature. When laying out the wire avoid angles of less than 45° as this can affect the performance. You can install the wire either tightly against the grass or dig it under the soil, but no deeper than 5 cm (1.97″). At first it’d perhaps be better to install it against the ground rather than under it to find out if your placement is efficient or not. It’s easier to adjust and correct mistakes this way. In the long run it’d be better to dig it under ground though.
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